They include a wide array of productivity tools. An OAS facilitates everyday information processing tasks in offices and business organizations.Common applications are medical diagnosis, troubleshooting, chemical analysis, data interpretation, etc.Expert systems support the intellectual work of professionals engaged in design, diagnosis, or evaluation of complex situations requiring expert knowledge in a well-defined area.Expert or knowledge-based systems are one type of execution systems.Examples are systems that help plastic surgeons design operations and show likely results to their patients.These systems directly support people doing the value-added work in an organization.One of the difficulties in data mining is the problem of differentiating between meaningful and spurious patterns.Examples are customer buying patterns in grocery stores and statistical profiles of customers who are likely to switch long-distance carriers.Data mining is the use of data analysis tools to find patterns in large transaction databases.OLAP is the use of online data analysis tools to explore large transaction databases.Additionally, it integrates with the business’s point of sale system, or POS, which processes credit cards, produces receipts and receives and holds cash. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) and data mining. The transaction processing system (TPS) further secures the success of each transaction by storing, transferring, and receiving data via a database.Data includes internal sales results and external market research databases. An example is a system that helps marketing managers evaluate alternative marketing plans and track results.DSSs support non-repetitive decision making by providing data, models, analytical tools, and interface methods.An example of the repetitive case is the use of a DSS by insurance agents to help customers choose the “right” insurance policy - options, cost and benefits. DSSs support repetitive decision making by structuring the decision to some extent and defining procedures and formats.Examples range from spreadsheets to customized simulation or optimization models focusing on specific situations.The traditional DSS approach includes interactive problem solving direct use of models user-controllable methods for displaying and analyzing data and formulating and evaluating alternatives.In contrast to MIS, a DSS supports managers and professionals doing largely analytical work in less structured situations.A DSS is an interactive IS that provides information, models, and data manipulation tools to help make decisions in semi-structured and unstructured situations.EISs help executives find the information they need whenever they need it and in whatever form is most useful.variety of formats (tables, graphs, etc.).Data is replenished periodically from internal and external sources.Executives can “drill down” to understand specific items of concern in more detail.EISs offer a highly interactive system that provides managers and executives flexible access to information for monitoring operating results and general business conditions.Executive Information Systems (EISs) take MISs to the next level.MIS provides information people decide how to improve performance.Typically provide pre-specified reports on a scheduled basis.MISs extract and summarize data from TPSs.Users are both managers and the employees who receive feedback about performance indicators.MISs generate summary information for monitoring performance, maintaining coordination, and providing background about the organization’s operation.Actually an ERP system is a hybrid system that has characteristics of many of the individual information system types including the TPS.An ERP system encompasses transaction processing done in various functional areas of an enterprise.Characterized by quick response and high availability.Examples are airline reservation systems and bursar/bank systems.An advantage is immediate error correction. Real-time Processing: Each transaction is processed immediately.Problems - error correction & data currency.Examples are processing of checks and other paper forms, generation of paychecks, and weekend deposits into ATMs.Based on a schedule or number accumulated the transactions are processed later to update the database. Batch Processing: Information on individual transactions is collected and stored.automating certain decision-making functions.detecting errors, such as missing data, invalid data, and inconsistent data and.execution details of the transactions.A TPS focuses on record keeping and control of repetitive clerical processes.A TPS collects and stores data about transactions and sometimes controls decisions made as part of a transaction.
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